Tag: E Waste

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Reduce waste by finding another home for your old smartphone

We’ve all been liable of it. We seize the chance to purchase that glossy new smartphone and hurl the old smartphone one aside, regardless of whether that be in a garbage cabinet, in a crate in the wardrobe, or in the trash cans. While clutching that old device presumably won’t hurt any person or thing for the present, it’s surely not helping anybody either but it does not means to throw it in landfills.

You may have known discussions about the earth most of which allude to a conclusion of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Selling your old gadgets to InstaCash can contribute towards diminishing e-waste in landfills and also help used smartphones being reusable. When a gadget can’t be sold or reused, there is consistently the third alternative to recycle it. Continue reading “Reduce waste by finding another home for your old smartphone”

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InstaCash a platform helping solve the e-waste problem at grass-root level

The Indian economy is a buyer’s economy if we look at the growth in the number of smartphones manufacturer in the last 5 years in the country we would know why it is called a buyers economy. The growth of mobile phone manufacturers in India from 2 units in 2014 to 268 units in 2019. 53% of the new phones are being added in tier 2 and tier 3 cities.

This figure also highlights the hidden fact that also 18% higher numbers of phones are today being discarded and adding up to the e-waste. As environmental concerns today alarm everyone, we cannot ignore the fact that platforms that provide an easy and safe way to resale or recycle your old mobile phones will become more and more crucial to manage the environment friendly sustainability of the smartphone revolution.

Continue reading “InstaCash a platform helping solve the e-waste problem at grass-root level”

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How have Digital India and Swachh Bharat contributed to the Re-commerce industry?

The initiatives taken by the government of India is a commendable start for the growth and development of our country. Among the many initiatives there are two which stand out- Digital India and Swachh Bharat. Digital India- Giving the Power to Empower has proved to be beneficial with the onset of its various programs. The outcome of this initiative is very much helpful and has resulted in better connectivity, e-governance and delivery services, e-commerce and e-business and education. The Prime Minister launched various initiatives like Digital Locker, National Scholarship Portal, eHospital, eSignature, MyGov Mobile App, Swachh Bharat Mission App, Wi-Fi Hotspots, Next Generation Network among other apps.

“Update: ZeroWaste is now InstaCash”

Digital India– Giving the Power to Empower has proved to be beneficial with the onset of its various programs. The outcome of this initiative is very much helpful and has resulted in better connectivity, e-governance and delivery services, e-commerce and e-business and education. The Prime Minister launched various initiatives like Digital Locker, National Scholarship Portal, eHospital, eSignature, MyGov Mobile App, Swachh Bharat Mission App, Wi-Fi Hotspots, Next Generation Network among other apps, products and services.

Implementation of these schemes will provide Broadband connections in 2 lakh villages, 400,000 Public Internet Access Points, Wi-Fi in universities; Public Wi-Fi hotspots for the citizens will increase the traffic on the internet more than ever. This surely will boost the e-commerce industry. The main part of online transactions as of now emerges from tier two and tier three urban communities. With the Digital India venture on its go, the government will deliver services via mobile connectivity and in doing so, is expected to convey the internet and broadband to remote corners of the nation, hence, giving the hidden network for e-commerce. This will advance the growth and reach of the e-commerce market into India’s 4 tier rural areas and towns.

How will this help the re-commerce industry? With the increase in connectivity individuals around the country will purchase more new electronics and replace older ones. And with re-commerce companies at their doorstep, they’ll have an outlet to get rid of the old electronics. It will boost the re-commerce sector more than ever.

The second initiative Swachh Bharat has also proven to be successful in the drive to make our country Clean India. The Clean India or Swachh Bharat Campaign aims to accomplish various objectives that include reducing the carbon emission, cleaning schools, colonies and other public places, improving sanitation, etc. Through this campaign the Indian government would tackle the sanitation issues by improving waste management strategies. Clean India development is totally connected with the economic strength of the nation. The completion of this mission would in a roundabout way draw the attention of business investors in India, draw tourists attention from everywhere throughout the world, improve the GDP growth, bring

Clean India development is totally connected with the economic strength of the nation. The completion of this mission would in a roundabout way draw the attention of business investors in India, draw tourists attention from everywhere throughout the world, improve the GDP growth, bring variety of sources of jobs, diminish well being costs, reduce death rates and reduce deadly sickness rate and some more. One of the major initiatives of this campaign was to get rid of unwanted waste and keep the surroundings clean. Unwanted waste also includes unused and old electronics or e-waste which needs to be disposed properly.

This campaign has surely supported the re-commerce industry by encouraging the citizens of the country and creating awareness about disposal of e-waste responsibly. This is where re-commerce companies come in. They provide an easy and feasible alternative to dispose e-waste. These companies take it to the next level by paying a good amount to the customers for their old electronics. Considering the positive trend of re-commerce in India, there has been hike in the organized re-commerce of items and with the Swachh Bharat initiative it has boosted all the more.

Note: This post was originally published in February 2016 and has been completely revamped and updated for accuracy and comprehensiveness.

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How Long Can You Hold Your Breath In? And how about old electronics?

Stig Severinsen holds Guinness World record for holding his breath for 22 minutes!

“Update: ZeroWaste is now InstaCash”

And why would you ask are we talking about holding our breath in? The answer is simple. Each one of us is guilty of holding something in, from bad thoughts, to grudges through to old phones. But eventually even Stig had to breathe out and so would you. Holding your breath in is quite similar to holding your old electronic devices. Eventually, you will start feeling suffocated. ZeroWaste will help you breath easily by taking off the weight off your chest and what’s more, we’ll even give you good money for it.

Here are some interesting facts about clutter that might act as a wake-up call for you.

According to Dr. Jim Taylor, our life is stuffed with boxes filled with stuff, we never use. Our closets have too many clothes, equipment and plain old junk that never sees the light of the day. He further adds, “All of the clutter in our lives prevents us from having the time and space necessary to fill our souls with love, joy, inspiration, compassion, and contentment. Why would we put ourselves in such an uncomfortable and unhealthy state? Clutter may, in an odd way, make us feel safe because we surround ourselves with high walls (of stuff) that protect us from threats — real, imagined, and existential — that we feel every day. Unfortunately, those walls also imprison us and prevent us from experiencing life openly and freely.”

A lot of researchers and doctors are linking OCD (Obsessive Compulsion Disorder or OCD) and depression with accumulating electronic items. According to the International Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Foundation, there are several characteristics of a hoarder. Some people acquire too many items and neglect or refuse to get rid of them. Others clutter their living spaces to the point that they can’t be used for the purpose it was bought for.

24% of house fires are reported to have been caused by hoarding, said Dr. Randy Frost. And these figures may not be true for India but the hazard is similar to quite an extent. We hope these facts act as wake-up call. If you think, you are becoming one of the hoarders, holding on to too many things, and start first by selling off your electronic waste and make your home free of electronic junk with ZeroWaste.

ZeroWaste is a game changer when it comes to disposing your old electronic devices irrespective of the fact that it is unused, overused or used. They differ from other selling sites because they give 48 hour home pick up of your device, guaranteed instant sale, true value for your device, instant cash disbursal. You just need to visit www.zerowaste.co.in and calculate your device’s value and order a home pick-up.

Note: This post was originally published in October 2015 and has been completely revamped and updated for accuracy and comprehensiveness.

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SAGA OF WAR — ZEROWASTE AGAINST E-WASTE MONSTER

In the mystical country named India, the menace of a monster named E-Waste, was rising. Not many knew about this monster which was growing in size everyday.

“Update: ZeroWaste is now InstaCash”

This monster was poisoning the air, water and soil of the great land with dangerous chemicals and metals like lead, mercury, barium etc. Stealthily, the poison was killing men, women and children and people suffered with Cancer, DNA mutation, lung diseases and many other ailments.

This monster had army of its minions. These minions were present in almost every home of the country. These minions, the old and unused electronic appliances, which were hiding and waiting to reach landfills and local dismantlers, to spread that monster’s poison.

9th September 2013– The Day which Changed Everything.

Whenever an evil monster kills people of this promise land, a small group of people always rise up to the occasion to fight such menace. These people didn’t have any super power but their strong will and determination to take on against such monsters. History repeated itself again. Few ordinary people came out, forming a clan, named as ZeroWaste, which had a sole aim of defeating this Monster and reward those people who joined, helped or fought along with the Clan.

Like every uprising against destructive forces, destiny gave this clan, a chance to get the support of the wonderful and responsible people of Jaipur. It was just 2 years since they arrived; they got rid of over ten thousand monster’s minions weighing 6 tonnes. They rewarded the great people of Jaipur with their token of Appreciation and Respect. These tokens become the strings of unbreakable bond.

In the raging battle, people of Ajmer, Indore, Lucknow and Chandigarh joined. While this clan was of people with strong will, they never forgot the love and support of the people. Today, it has over 5000 people standing beside to win the war against E-Waste Monster.

Join know more about rewards and the battle: Click here

To send your message of support to ZeroWaste: Click here

To kill a minion of E-Waste Monster (sell your old electronic appliance),

Join the Clan

Note: This post was originally published in September 2015 and has been completely revamped and updated for accuracy and comprehensiveness.

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OMG! all this is e-waste?

E-waste or electronic waste, therefore, broadly describes loosely discarded, surplus, obsolete, broken, electrical or electronic devices. However, for regulation purposes and for the benefit of recyclers E Waste has been classified in various ways. Categorization also identifies the responsibility for the disposal of the E Waste.

“Update: ZeroWaste is now InstaCash”

Historic & Non Historic E Waste — One of the several ways of enlisting E Waste into categories is terming these as Historic & Non Historic.

Historic E Waste are those which came into being before the promulgation of any laws and makes the Owner of the E-waste responsible for its proper recycling. Whereas, Non — Historic E Waste are the ones which were produced after the notification and thus puts the responsibility of its recovery and recycling or disposal on the producers.

In India the people the Government notified the Rules and guidelines in May 2011 to become effective from May 2012.

Main Categories of EEE covered in Indian E-Waste Rules

The categories of electrical and electronic equipment covered under the rules of the E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 in India can be enumerated as under.

IT and telecommunication equipment:

  • Centralized data processing; Mainframes, Minicomputers; Personal computing; Personal computers (Central processing unit with input and output devices), Laptop computers (Central processing unit with input and output devices), Notebook computers, Notepad computers, Printers including cartridges, Copying equipment, Electrical and electronic typewriters, User terminals and systems, Facsimile, Telex, Telephones, Pay telephones, Cordless telephones, Cellular telephones, Answering systems

Consumer electronics:

  • Television sets (including sets based on (Liquid Crystal Display and Light Emitting Diode technology), Refrigerator, Washing Machine, Air-Conditioners excluding centralized air conditioning plants.

Categories of EEE covered in European Commission Directive

The European Commission considers E Waste as Historic if placed on the market prior to 2005. The directive places the onus upon the owner of the equipment to make provisions for its recycling. Where equipment was placed on the market after 2005, it is known as non-historic WEEE (denoted by a bar underneath the crossed-out wheeled bin symbol), and it is the responsibility of the producer/distributor to make provisions for its collection and recycling.

In another fashion the WEEE directive sets a total of 10 categories of WEEE for reporting purposes. These 10 categories are based as per voltage rating of 1000 volts for alternating current and 1500 volts for direct current. The EEE has been further classified into ‘components’, ‘sub-assemblies’ and ‘consumables’

  • Large household appliances
  • Small household appliances
  • IT and telecommunications equipment
  • Consumer equipment
  • Lighting equipment
  • Electrical and electronic tools
  • Toys, leisure and sports equipment
  • Medical devices
  • Monitoring and control instruments
  • Automatic dispensers

Hazardous electronic wastes comprise

  • Uninterruptable power supplies, lead-acid batteries
  • Cathode ray tubes (televisions, computer monitors)
  • Fluorescent tubes, backlights to laptop screens, thin-film transistors
  • Electrical/electronic equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
  • Fridges and freezers, due to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), an ozone-depleting substance. As of 2012 revisions to the regulations, all refrigerants are considered Hazardous.

WEEE that is delivered to household waste recycling centres (HWRC), also known as designated collection facilities (DCFs), is collected by or delivered to approved & authorised treatment facilities (AATFs). The waste electrical and electronic equipment is then weighed and categorized in accordance with the directive.

For more information or to join ZeroWaste ‘Buy One, Recycle One Mission get in touch with us at info@getinstacash.in |www.getinstacash.in

Note: This post was originally published in August 2015 and has been completely revamped and updated for accuracy and comprehensiveness.

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Digital India needs ways to manage its Digital Waste

Soft Talent to Power Progress: Finally it would dawn on India as a state policy to push digitization of India. It is a long overdue effort considering that for many years India and its soft talent has been reckoned as global power house. Yet the country itself could never leverage its own talent to efficiently manage its affairs.

“Update: ZeroWaste is now InstaCash”

Since much of the reason for India excelling in digital domain was largely due to private individual and corporate efforts. Now with the same becoming state sponsored effort this will indeed result in all encompassing transformation of the entire nation to the benefit of its citizen.

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Ambitious Project: The 10, 00,000 Million Rupees Digital India Project ambitiously aims at

  1. establishing broadband connectivity in 250,000 villages of India,
  2. promote e-governance,
  3. universal phone connectivity and
  4. make India global leader of IT in services like health, education and banking
  5. transform India into a connected knowledge economy

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Digital India is much needed, so is Digital Waste Redressal

The enormity of the project, the ambitious coverage and the wide and deep ramifications it would have through all its nine pillars and especially electronics Manufacturing, Universal Access to devices for ICT would include creation of huge digital infrastructure.

There will be Wi-Fi at schools, universities and public wi-fi hotspots. The Post Offices to be turned into Multi-Service Centres with all gadgetry installed. Manufacturing of FABS, Fab-less design, Set top boxes, VSATs, Mobiles, Consumer & Medical Electronics, Smart Energy meters, Smart cards, micro-ATMs. The aim of the project is to deliver government services to the citizens directly. The government also wants to ensure smart phones in the hand of every citizen by 2019.

The Digital Waste Challenge: The Digital India Project document does inform about the challenges on the implementation of such a large project in terms of unprecedented scale; Human & Financial resource mobilization apart from the intra government coordination. However, it misses out on the fallout of the electronic mess that would be created in the years to come.

E Waste from Electronic Obsolescence: It is a well known fact the obsolescence of Electronics is the quickest. It is not difficult to understand what sort of E Waste would be generated from projects of such proportions and sweeping geographical coverage.

Though there has been a passing reference on the linking of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan but that too to create awareness and support for the ongoing governmental activities for participation and disposal of municipal waste.

We certainly hope the authorities would take into account the e waste challenge that fall out of digitalizing India. It needs to be highlighted and understood before the problem just stomp us in the face with our efforts falling short. That would be one of the grave failures of such a glorious project. A comprehensive view is much warranted for Digitizing India.

Note: This post was originally published in July 2015 and has been completely revamped and updated for accuracy and comprehensiveness.

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Who plays with your old e-toys?

WHO had raised several concerns regarding children health and injuries through e-waste. A recent study by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), revealed that over 35,000 to 45,000 child labourers aged between 10–14 works around the e-waste areas, and faces several injuries and deaths while dismantling the e-waste. There is a strong force from the chamber for effective legislation in preventing the poor children from such working areas. We are exhibiting a techno-aligned life and in doing so we are consciously or unconsciously impacting various other lives with an add-on evil for nature.

“Update: ZeroWaste is now InstaCash”

The hideous profile of India

  • Delhi, itself produces roughly around 50,000 metric tons of e-waste. With a GDP growth of 7.5 percent, and a population of 125cr, India ranks high in terms of e-waste generation.
  • The ASSOCHAM report highlights that as many as 8,500 mobile phones, 5,500 TVs and 3,000 personal computers are dismantled in the capital city, Delhi every day for reuse of their component parts and materials.
  • The figure is booming with the advent of technology and new launches. Delhi has emerged as the main hub of e-waste recycling in the country with the e-waste from Mumbai, Bangalore and other cities reaching in there.

Their Health, Our Concern

The mounds of junk or e-waste has created as a great source for poor children to satiate their playful self by these e-gadgets which is a waste for riches but the only joyous element for them. The e-waste has certain toxic elements like lead, mercury, and cadmium which harms the health as well as injures the children. The dumping zone or the trash is accumulated in an open ground where they reach with their families to become prey of these fancy waste products. The exposure to these harmful by-products can lead to nausea, irritability, vomiting and several other ailments to a healthy person, then till what extent it can affect children?

Where are we heading?

The implementation of strong legislation for proper recycling and organized dumping is quite essential at this point of time. It apparently needs awareness and an eye-opener for those who dispose their old goods unethically. Children have a right to education, smile, play, joy, everything. They need to be protected from this misfortune. In this battle, one of the biggest wildcards can only be human behavior. If people are not convinced to participate in this race, even the best designed system will collapse. Therefore, we as humans need to practice our duties and establish a rigid structure of organized discarding.

Note: This post was originally published in June 2015 and has been completely revamped and updated for accuracy and comprehensiveness.

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Exterminate E-Waste before it Exterminates Us

Simple, innocent and very useful are the working electronics and electronics in our lives. Past their useful lives these are horrendous monsters. Discarded at home and work place these start disintegrating and become ready source of harmful and hazardous substances. Fatal to our health and extremely poisonous to our environment these need to be disposed from our lives and surroundings.

“Update: ZeroWaste is now InstaCash”

E Waste Toxic that affects health and environment when dumped

E-Wastes contain Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and flame retardants that cause multiple toxic Problems. If not properly handled these leach into our natural water reservoirs and rivers. Untreated water finds a way back into our farms, forests and foods. Some of these are very fatal and once released into the environment contaminate all our surroundings with far reaching harmful for generations to come

E — Waste & their Toxic Compounds
For easy reference, listed under are the commonly found E — Waste in our lives and the toxic elements / compounds or the product they effuse at the end of their life cycle:

E — Waste Form

Element / Compound

(in alphabetical order)

Harmful Effects

Medical equipment, Fire detectors, active sensing element in smoke detectors

Americium

Once in the body, americium-241 tends to concentrate in the bone, liver, and muscle. It can stay in the body for decades and continue to expose the surrounding tissues to radiation, and increase your risk of developing cancer. Released in the environment contaminates air, soil and waters.

LED (Light Emitting Diodes)

Arsenic (Gallium Arsenide)

Extreme exposure to Arsenic can lead to Skin diseases, reduced nerve conduction and Lung Cancer.CRT, Spark Plugs, Fluorescent Lamps

Barium

Can lead to Brain Swelling, Muscle atrophy, Damage to heart, liver & spleen,Power Supply Boxes & X Ray Lenses

Beryllium

Inhalation of beryllium dust, fumes or mist can cause, Lung Cancer & Berillycosis.Skin exposed to beryllium can lead to poor wound healing and wart-like bumps.Fire retardants for Plastics, Printed Circuit Boards and CasingsBrominated Fire Retardants — Tetrabromo-Bisphenol-A, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polybrominated Diphenyl EthersBurning these materials release dioxins & other toxins which lead to Severe Hormonal DisorderRechargeable NiCd-batteries, Fluorescent layer (CRT screens), Printer inks and toners, Photocopying-machines (printer drums)

Cadmium

Cadmium is taken into our bodies through Respiration & Food. It has strong tendency to accumulate in our bodies and environment. It leads to severe damage of Kidneys & Lungs. Causes flu like symptoms, weakness, fever, headaches, muscular pain, Pulmonary Emphysema & Bone Disease.Cooling Units, Insulation Foams

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)

When released into the atmosphere, they accumulate in the stratosphere and have a deleterious effect on the ozone layer. This results in increased incidence of Skin Cancer in Humans and in Genetic Damage in many organisms.Data Tapes, Floppy Disks

Chromium

Cellular changes & DNA damage. Harmful to eyes, skin & mucous membraneLead-acid batteries, Electronic Components, Cable Sheathing, CRT Glass & Solders

Lead

Appetite loss, Abdominal pain, Constipation, Fatigue, Sleeplessness, Irritability and headache. Kidney Damage, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Convulsions, Coma or even Death. Amongst young children it can damage nervous connections and cause blood and brain disorders.Batteries, some switches and thermostats, and fluorescent lamps

Mercury

Bio-accumulates causing brain and liver damage if ingested or inhaledDielectric fluids for capacitors and transformers, Heat transfer fluids and as additives in adhesives and plastics.

Poly Chlorinated Bi Phenyls

Serious non-cancer health effects in animals, including effects on the immune system, reproductive system, nervous system, endocrine system and other health effects. PCBs are persistent contaminants in the environment.Cable insulation

Poly Vinyl Chloride

When burnt produces large quantities of hydrogen chloride gas, which combines with water to form hydrochloric acid and is dangerous because when inhaled, leads to respiratory problems.Older photocopying-machines (photo drums)

Selenium

Selenosis causing hair loss, nail brittleness, and neurological abnormalities (such as numbness and other odd sensations in the extremities).Interior of CRT screens, mixed with rare earth metals. Dry Cell Batteries

Zinc Sulphide

Exposure to large amounts of zinc can be harmful. It can cause stomach cramps, anemia, and changes in cholesterol levels.

ZeroWaste as an authorized E Waste Management Company collects the discarded electronic & electrical equipments through its Smart Exchange™ & Collection Stores. You may contact us to get your e waste picked and receive instant cash payment.

info@getinstacash.in | www.getinstacash.in

Note: This post was originally published in June 2015 and has been completely revamped and updated for accuracy and comprehensiveness.

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7 Traditional Ways & Beliefs to Kill Environment

Our traditions have given shape to our thinking and beliefs and have made the character of our nation. We are very proud of it. However, with newer challenges increasingly facing us,which in the times to come, would turn into gargantuan proportions, if we do not mend our ways and get our acts together. This write up is a light hearted take on our ways we address the problem of E Waste traditionally with our love for hoarding and the plausible justifications we may offer!

“Update: ZeroWaste is now InstaCash”

  1. Keeping Clutter traditions Intact: To the west, cluttering is supposed to reflect the state of mind, but to us in India, it is an art, and it is our tradition. Clutter is our way of life. And we wholeheartedly subscribe to Einstein view. “If a cluttered desk is a sign of a cluttered mind, of what, then, is an empty desk a sign?
  2. Now that great minds also affirm our way of life how can we empty our houses of clutter? Einstein or no Einstein, we known long before anybody could point us, right from our childhood that we are foresighted, and we plan ahead. We always save for the event when our clutter one day would rescue the need to go out and buy a new part or a spare. So clutters in our homes are for great reasons.
  3. Stick to Stacking: We have it in us, all programmed in our genes. Thus we stack. We stack up groceries before the budget is announced, we stack petrol at the midnight before price hike and we are known globally to stack up gold in shimmering million tones. Traditionally we have been a nation of stackers, stacking every banal item which has long lost its significance in our lives. Thus we have our natural reasons for what makes us what we are.
  4. Practice Utilitarian Creativity: To most of us it is sacrilegious to give away even our most unused dilapidated, several generations over, discarded house hold stuffs. We have honed the skills to turn them into utility, to fit inside our 20 X20 spaces. Our old refrigerators metamorphose into cabinets for scrap or raddi. Cables and wires become the stethoscopes in our children role playing acts, the batteries become paper weights. We turn the scraps into utility and at times into abstract art. Salvador Dali would have loved to be born as an Indian.
  5. Live the Present: For a nation wanting to long-jump into development, our advice is Stack before You Leap. Healthy life and environment clean air and Swachh Bharat are too distant ideal. We need to concentrate on the present, Stack Up for the Future!
  6. Belief in Our Karma: They tell us the earth is getting less green because we stack. Now can somebody tell us how our stacking lead to environment pollution? Our parents stacked, their parents stacked and for innumerable generations we have stacked. Nothing changed because of the hoarding, stashing and stacking. How then we still have good air to breathe ample water coming into our taps. Our Children then must stack. The environment if it is turning grey from green, it is ordained to be such. Our karma has resulted into our present living condition. If the fate of our children has something in store which is different than green then it would be to purify them from past karma.
  7. Philanthropy is good for Economy: We do our philanthropic bit by giving the kabbadi wala some of our stuffs. It becomes his livelihood. He has his small place where he burns the stuffs into something which the big scarp dealers buy from him. These Scrap dealers then do something which they pass on to someone and that someone passes on to some other one. So our philanthropic stuff makes money for all and adds to the economy. But whatever it does to the ecology is not our concern. By the end of the day we feel happy for the little kabaddi wala.
  8. All Merge into One: What the kabbadi wala cannot sell goes into his stacks or goes for burning or into severs or drains or rivers or rivulets. Or close to our cities for landfills. What we had extracted from the Earth goes back to the Mother Nature. For all things will eventually merge into her sooner or later. Our efforts seem small, polluting but it finally ends into the beginning. This is our belief!

Note: This post was originally published in June 2015 and has been completely revamped and updated for accuracy and comprehensiveness.